Research Design & Methodology

The process through which researchers must perform their research is known as research methodology. It demonstrates the process by which these researchers define their problem and objective and then provide their findings based on the information gathered over the study period. The chapter on research design and technique also demonstrates how the study’s goal will satisfy the research output at the conclusion. Thus, the research methodologies that is employed during the research process has to be discussed and demonstrated properly. It comprises all aspects of the study’s research technique, from the research plan to the dissemination of the findings. The research strategy, research design, research methodology, the study area, data sources such as primary data sources and secondary data, population consideration, sample size determination such as questionnaires sample size determination and workplace site exposure measurement sample determination, data collection methods such as primary data collection methods including workplace site observation data collection, and data analysis methods are all should be highlighted well in the chapter. In general, a qualitative and quantitative research approach is understood to be necessary to meet the goals of the study. Because the data were gathered from all facets of the data source during the study period, the study utilised these mixed methodologies. As a result, the goal of this methodology is to fulfil the study plan and target that the researcher established.

Types of Research

• Experimental Research: It is a research strategy in which the researcher makes an effort to keep all variables under control that might have an impact on the outcome of an experiment. By doing this, the researcher aims to ascertain or forecast potential outcomes (Key, 2002). It is a group of research approaches that employ controlled experimentation and manipulation to comprehend causal mechanisms. In most cases, one or more variables are changed to see how they affect a dependent variable (Experiment-Resources.com, 2009).

• Survey Research: Is One of the most crucial fields of measuring in applied social research. Any measurement technique that involves asking respondents questions falls under the wide category of survey research. The questionnaire and the interview are the two main categories into which surveys can be separated. The respondent normally fills out questionnaires on paper and with a pencil. Based on what the respondent says, the interviewer concludes the conversation (Trochim, 2006b).

• Historical Research: Sometimes, rather than looking toward the future, we learn the most by studying the past. Just that is what historical research aims to do. We can identify, perhaps to a lesser extent, cause and effect linkages by carefully examining historical data. Performing statistical analysis on historical data in the same way that we would in a standard experiment can also be considered historical research. The only significant distinction has to do with data processing. There is no way to distort historical research because it uses data that was collected in the past. As a result, historical research frequently inspires modern experiments that aim to learn more about the past (AllPsych & Heffner Media Group, 2003).

• Operations Research: The scientific approach is applied to management operations through operations research (OR), with the goal of assisting managerial decision-making. Operations research methods are focused with the operations of systems or organisations and are intended to give managers a quantitative basis for decision-making (Busha & Harter, 1980).